π π αៃαាαα្α័α្ααិα្αα្αិα្αα្αាαααα់αα αα្αα’ាαេαិα U.S. Treaty Ally αាំααី (1954) α ើαα៏αាαិα្ααុα្ααាα្α្αααα់αα៉ុααα។
α ិα αំαុααα្αីαα₯α្αិαααោαា αេα្ααិα ្α αៅα’ាα៊ីα’ាα្αេα៍ αោαα្αើαααុα្ααាαួαα្ααេααិααាααាαាααα្α ាαα’ំαាα ។
αូα αេះ αααុα្αα’ាαាαααាααៃ – α ិααឺαាαα័ααា αៃαំαុααα់αួαាαីαα្αាα (balancing role) ααាα αα αα្αα’ាαេαិα -αα៉ុα-α ិα
αៃαិααំαα្αើααាααិαα្αិα្ααាαួαα ិααើα្αីααα ំαេαα្αុααាαα αα ា α¬α ααាα្ααាំαα្αែααើ αិα ្α αាαα្αំαែααួααាំααេα្ααិα ្α αំαα់។ α្ααα្αិαាα្α្ααα្α ាααា αៃα្αាα់α្αើα±αាαα²αα ាα’ំαាα αំα ( αα៉ុα–αាαាំα–α’ាαេαិα ) αើα្αីααួαα’α្αα្ααោαα៍αើαα្αុαាαα្αα់αα។
⚫αៅα្αាំ(1794) αៀααααេα្α αិαីαោα័α αិα αាα់αំαα αោαα្αាα់ αាα់αាα្ααេααួαα្αោαα’ាαាα α្ααៃ។ αេααោះαα្αុαាα្αោααាαឹααាំα្αេα α’α្αα α្α ααួααាααាំα្ααីαៀα αូα ្αេះα្αូααα្αំα ុះαα្αុα។
⚫αៅα្αាំ(1863) αα្αុαាα ូααាα’ាαាαិαααាαំាα
αាαាំαα្αាαាααាααាααែααីαែααៃαាα់αាα់។ αα ូα់αα់α្αាំ(1904–1907) α្αោααិα ្α α្ααα្αៀαααាααα៉ុα–αៀα។
αៃα្ααα់ αាα់αំαα, αិαីαោα័α αិααំα‘ូα αααα្αុαាαិα (1907)αើα្αីααួααុαα្αិαាαα្αុαα្ααααាααα។ α្αុααα័ααាαាំααិαα α្αααα’α់α្αេααែααាαα’ំαាα αៃα៏αៅαាααំαាα់αំαα់α្α’αាαួαα’α់α្αេααិααាααα្αូααុα្αាαៅαៀααៅα’α់α្αេααៀααα។
⚫α្αៃαី 8 α្αូ (1941) ααα័ααα៉ុααាαα្ααα្αំαែαα ូααៃ αី α៉ាα‘េαុី αិαα ុះα ααាαα្αេα។ ααα័ααៃαាαα្ααុα្ααα ូααα់ 7:30 α្αឹα αុααេααα្αាαិαាααα្αាα់α²្ααα្αα់αាα់។ αាαααα្ααα្α្αី Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Phibun) αើααើααា α្αូααឹαα្α’ែααើαα៉ុααើα្αីαααីα្αីαែααាα់αα់αីα₯α្αូα ិααាαាំα αៃαាαα្αើαα៉ុααាα§αααα៍ αើα្αីαααេα្αα្αែααួαα ំαួααីαα្αុαាαិα។ αៃαាαα ុះα α្ααេαាαើαα្αិαα្αាαα្α័α្ααាαួααα៉ុαα’αុα្αាαα²្ααៃααួαα’α្αα្ααោαα៍α្αុααិα ្α αα αាααេះαាααាα់αីα្αែα (αាα់αំαα αៀααាα α្αឹαα្αែα αោះαុα)។
⚫ αៃαាαα្ααាααα្α្αាααើα α្αααα’α់α្αេα αិα αα αα្αα’ាαេαិα αៅα្αៃαី 25 αααា (1942)។ α’α់α្αេααាαα្αើααααោαα្ααាααα្α្αាααើαៃαិα។ α៉ុα្αែ α’ាαេαិααាααិαα’ើαើαឹααាαα្ααាααោះ។ α្ααៃαីαិαីα្ααាααα្α្αាαααα់αៃαα័ααោះ αែααα្αាαិαាααិαα្αើαាαα ្αាα់α’α្αααាαិα្αូααα្αូααាαα²α’α្ααាααូαα្αួααូααៅα្αាα់αឹααាំα α្αααα’α់α្αេα αិα α’ាαេαិα។ αាαាαឿααួαα៏αួαα²្αα ាα់α’ាαα្αα៍ α ើααេαឹααាααααា αៅαែαααា (1942) αៃαាαα្αើαាαα ្αាα់α’α្αααាαิαូααំαឹααៅαុαα៊ុα α្αីα αែααំαាααα αα្αα’ាαេαិααៅαាααα។ α―αα’α្ααាααូααៃα្αα ាំα’ាαេαិα αោα Seni Pramot αិααាαα្ααα់αាαα្ααាααα្α្αាα។ αាααេះαាαααួααៅα៉ាα៊ីααោα ααៈαែα Seni αាαααិαេααាαα្ααាំααាαួααα្αាαិαាααៃ αីαូαα េαុαេះαាα់αិαααួααាαα្ααាααោះαៀαα‘ើុα។ αូα ្αេះα ើα α’ាαេαិααិααែαα្αិααៅα្αុαα្αាααាααα្α្αាααាαួααៃ។
⚫α’្ααααោαាααាα ្αើα αិαα្ααាαααាααៅαα αោα Pridi Banomyong αាαាααα្ααាααូαិαាα αិααាα’្αααំαាαα្αះαα ាα្αα្α αើα្αីαα្αើαα ααាα្αើααα។ αាα់α’ាα α្αើαួαាαីαេះαើα្αីαៀαα ំα ααា Seri Thai Movement αោααិαα²្ααα៉ុααα្α័α។ αៅα’ាαេαិα α―αα’α្ααាααូα Seni αាαα្ααាααាαាαាααៈαាααិα្αុαា αាα់αឹαα្αើαាααើα្αីα្αាααៃα²្αα―ααាα្ααិα។ αាα់αាαα’ំαាααាαα²្ααិα្αិααៃ αៅ α’ាαេαិα αិα α’α់α្αេα α ូααួαα្αុα Free Thai។
⚫ OSS αិα SOE αាαα្αាαាααα្αូααααំαាំααួααα Free Thai។ αាαα ូαα្ααេααៃαាαααៈαើαα ោះα ើα αែααំαើααាααី( α ិα )αិααាααាαា។ αៅα្αាំ (1943) αើααាααាααាα់αααោαα័ααាαួα Free Thai αាαα្αុαα្ααេααៃ។ αៅαាααα OSS αំαាα់α’ាα αំαើααាααាααα្αាα ់ αោះα្αិααៅαិαα៉ុα្αិ៍αោαាαα៉ុαα៏αោα។ α ុααα្α្αាααោααើααីα’ Free Thai αាααំαាំαα្αα ែα 60,000 αាα់ α្αៀαα ូαα្ααុα្α។
⚫αោα Pridi Banomyong αាααα្αាα់αា αោααំααααα់ Free Thai αាααីα៖
1π α្ααុα្αα្ααាំααឹα αα៉ុα
2π αាαាαា αៃαិαα្αូααាαααួαα្αាα់αាα្ααេαα ាα់αα្α្αាα
αៅαែαα្αា (1945) α្αោααα្α្αាααα្α α់ Mountbatten αាααាα់αα្ααα្αα្αα់α្αα αូα αាα²្ααៃα្ααα់α’α្αααៅα’α់α្αេα។ α៉ុα្αែα’ាαេαិααាααα់α្αាα់ αាααាααាααេះαោαα’ះα’ាααា αាα’ាα α៉ះαាα់αα់α―ααាα្ααα្αាαិαាααៃ។ αα ូαα ុαα្αោαα្αៃαី 1 αααា (1946) α្αូααាαα ុះα α្ααេαាαើαិα ្α α្ααα្αៀααα្α α់α្αាααាααα្α្αាα។ αាαាααាα់αំαាα់αា αាαα្ααាααα្α្αាαααα់αៃαើ α’α់α្αេα α្αូααាααេα ាα់αុααាαោαៈ α្αោះαាαិαα្αើααាαα ិα្αα្ααាαα។
⚫αα α្ααិαα្αិαាαααាα OSS, SOE αិα Free Thai :
➡️ OSS (Office of Strategic Service) αាα្αាα័ααាααα αα្αα’ាαេαិα αែααα្αើαα‘ើαα្αុααα្α្αាααោααើααីα’ → αួαាαី៖ α្ααូαα័α៌αាα α្αើαាαα’ាαីααα្ααα្αិαុα αិααៀαα ំα្ααិαα្αិαាααាααាα/αំαាααα្αូααៅα្αៅα្ααេα។
➡️ SOE (Special Operations Executive) = αាα្αាα័ααាំα្αα α្αααα’α់α្αេα → αួαាαី៖ α្αើα្ααិαα្αិαាαα្αα់α្αα αៅα្αុαα្ααេααែαα្αូααាαα្αα់αោααα្αូα។ αិαេαα្αោααើ៖ αាααៀαα ំα្αុαα្ααុα្αα្αុαα្αុα αα្αាα់αំαាαααα័α αិαααα្ααាαα្ααាំααα្αូα។
➡️ Free Thai (Seri Thai Movement) = αាα ααាα្αុαα្ααេααៃαេαីαα α្ααុα្αα្ααាំααα៉ុααិααាαាαាαៃαិαα្αូααាαα ាα់αុααាα្ααេαα ាα់αα្α្αាα → αួαាαី៖ αួα OSS αិα SOE α្αុααាαα្ααូαα័α៌αាα αិααៀαα ំααα្ααុα្ααៅα្αុαα្ααេα។
✍️ αើαα្αូααឹααា៖ OSS αឺαាαូαα្αាααើααៃ CIA αα្αាα់αីαα្α្αាα។
⚫αα្αាα់αីαα៉ុααα៉ុαα ាα់ (1945) αិααα្α័α្ααាαិα្αះ → αិα ្α α្ααα្αៀαα’α្αααាαិαα្αំα²្ααៃα្ααα់αេα្αα្αែα (αាα់αំαα αៀααាα α្αឹαα្αែα αោះαុα) αααិααៅαាαាំα (1946)។ αៃαាαα ូααាαួααα៉ុααα្αោះα’ាαα្α αោααាαα េααាα្αាααα្α្αាααេαីαាα α៉ុα្αែ Free Thai αិα OSS αាαα្αើα²្ααៃα’ាα αα្αាα―ααាα្ααិααំαាα់αំααα្α’αាαួααα្α័α្ααិα្αα្αោααα្α្αាα។
⚫α្αោαα―ααាα្ααα្αុαា (1953)
αα្α ាα្αាαាαα្αះαិα ាα (1962) α្αាααាαិαាααំ។ αុαាαាαα’α្αααាαិ (ICJ) αាα់αា α្αាαាαα្αិααៅα្αុααឹααីαα្αុαាαα្αុαា αែαៃαិααេαα ិα្ααិααα្αα’ះα’ាα។
⚫α្αុααα័ααα្α្αាαα្ααាα់ (1979) αៃαិαα្ααេααោααាααិα αិαេα ( α’ាαេαិααិα α ិα ) αាααាំα្αα្αុαα្ααាំααα្αុαា (αួααាំα α្αែαα្αα α αិαα្αុα FUNCINPEC, KPNLF) αើα្αីαា α§αααα៍ααោαាα αα់α្αាα់α₯α្αិαααៀααាααិααុα្αីα្αុααំαα់។ αាαាαិαីαួαα្αុααាααα្αាα₯α្αិαααើαα្αុαា។ αាααាំα្αα្αុαα្ααាំαα្αើα²្ααៃααួααាααំαួααោαា αេα្ααិα ្α αិαα₯α្αិαααៅα្αុαα’α្ααាαα’α្αααាαិ α្αោះα្αុαα្ααាំααα្αុαាαែααែααួααាαα’ាααៈα’α្ααα α្ααាαាαិαំαួααα្αាαិαាαα្αែαα ាα់αាំααោααៀααាα។
⚫ααុααីαα័αα’α្αααααα់αα្αα្αៃ αៃαែααែα្αើαុα្ααាα្α្ααα្αើααាααិαα្αិα្ααាαួα αα ាα’ំαាα αើα្αីα្αែαααα’α្αα្ααោαα៍αើαα្αុαា។ αាαα ូααាα់αាα់αេα្αα្αែααααួαα αូα្αីαែα្αូαα្αα‘α់αិα α៏αៅαែαាα’α្ααាαុα្αុαα’α្ααα្αាαααោαាαααα់αៃ។ αាαα្ααα្αិαាα្α្ααិααិαាαα្αំαែααែααៃα’ាα αααៅα្αើαាα§αααα៍ααោαាα αើα្αីαα្αឹαα₯α្αិααααα់α្αួααα់αឹααα្αុαា។ π π π











